tmp2:Free Music/en - Revision history

WikiSysop: 15 revisions imported

2018-04-27T10:16:15Z

15 revisions imported

Sloyment at 18:15, 13 November 2011

2011-11-13T18:15:16Z

Sloyment: /* Free software culture */

2011-11-13T12:46:11Z

‎Free software culture

Sloyment: /* Public License */

2011-11-13T11:54:46Z

‎Public License

Sloyment: /* Public License */

2011-11-13T11:49:10Z

‎Public License

Sloyment: /* Differentiation */

2011-11-13T11:47:51Z

‎Differentiation

Sloyment: /* Differentiation */

2011-11-13T11:47:02Z

‎Differentiation

Sloyment: /* Differentiation */

2011-11-13T11:46:33Z

‎Differentiation

WikiSysop: /* Free software culture */

2011-11-12T06:25:17Z

‎Free software culture

WikiSysop: /* License */

2011-11-12T06:19:54Z

‎License

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:What is free music?}}
 [[file:Mfalzon-freecontent logo01--wikilogo.png|framed|right|Logo for free cultural works (according to [http://freedomdefined.org freedomdefined.org])]]
-'''Free music''' is the attempt to transfer the principles of [[wikipedia:free software|free software]] to new areas: first of all musical ''compositions'', including ''lyrics'', secondly ''music recordings'', and thirdly ''music videos''. There are two ways how to answer what free music, namely –
+'''Free music''' is the attempt to transfer the principles of [[wikipedia:free software|free software]] to new areas: first of all musical ''compositions'', including ''lyrics'', secondly ''music recordings'', and thirdly ''music videos''. There are two ways how to answer what free music is, namely –
 : a) with a clear definition based on legal issues, and
 : b) by naming things typical of the free software culture.
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Definition ==
-The term is closely based on the [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html GNU Free Software Definition] (short: FSD) and the [http://www.debian.org/social_contract.html Debian Free Software Guidelines] (short: DFSG). The initiative [http://freedomdefined.org freedomdefined.org] has generalized the concept of free software to be applied to all areas and speaks of “free cultural goods”.
+The term ‘free music’ is closely based on the [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html GNU Free Software Definition] (short: FSD) and the [http://www.debian.org/social_contract.html Debian Free Software Guidelines] (short: DFSG). The initiative [http://freedomdefined.org freedomdefined.org] has generalized the concept of free software to be applied to all areas and speaks of “free cultural goods”.
 : Examples of free software include well known software products such as GNU/Linux, Apache, MySQL, Gimp, and Firefox.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 === Implementation ===
-Under the copyright laws, the author of a work owns the “exclusive rights” to a work. Basicly, this means that only he is allowed to copy, distribute, perform and change the work. This makes the music <font color="red">non-free</font> for other people. However, there are two ways in which music can still be free:
+Under the copyright laws, the author of a work owns the “exclusive rights” to a work. Basicly, this means that only he is allowed to copy, distribute, perform and change the work. This effectively makes the music <font color="red">non-free</font> for other people. However, there are two ways in which music can still become free:
 : a) by not being “protected” anymore, or
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 → ''Read the Wikipedia article on [[wikipedia:Public Domain|Public Domain]]''
-'''Public Domain''' means that a work is not ‘protected’ by copyright. This is generally the case, if the author of the work has died more than 70 years ago (in Mexico it's 100 years).
+'''Public Domain''' means that a work is not ‘protected’ by copyright. This is generally the case, if the author of the work has died more than 70 years ago (under Mexican law it's even 100 years!).
 Also, governmental institutions of some states do not claim copyright to works created in that facility.
-Thirdly, individuals might want to release their rights and dedicate their work to the Public Domain. The legal validity of such dedication has been questioned however, i.e. it is not clear if such a dedication would hold up in court, in any place of the world. Therefore it might be a good idea to combine such dedication with a short public license. Creative Commons Zero is a protocol that combines both.
+Thirdly, individuals might want to release their rights and dedicate their work to the Public Domain. The legal validity of such dedication has been questioned however, i.e. it is not clear if such a dedication would hold up in court, in any place of the world. Therefore it might be a good idea to combine such dedication with a short public license as a fallback. Creative Commons Zero is a protocol that combines both.
 In this wiki, currently the following templates are defined to mark works:
 * <code><nowiki>{{PD-old}}</nowiki></code> – copyright expired
-* <code><nowiki>{{CC0}}</nowiki></code> – Creative Commons Zero
+* <code><nowiki>{{CC0}}</nowiki></code> – Creative Commons Zero (PD dedication + fallback license)
 ==== Public License ====
-Another approach is to keep the copyright, and to allow everybody to use the work in all necessary ways. Such an allowance is called a '''license''', and as it is offered to everybody, this particular kind of license is called a '''public license'''. Such licenses can set up requirements (similar to a payment in a regular contract), so for instance, individuals might give proper attribution in order to exercise the rights.
+Another approach is to keep the copyright, and to allow everybody to use the work in all necessary ways. Such permission is called a ‘'''license'''’, and as it is offered to everybody, this particular kind of license is called a ‘'''public license'''’. Such licenses can set up requirements (similar to a payment in a regular license contract), so for instance, individuals might have to give proper attribution in order to exercise the rights.
-A '''copyleft license''' requires individuals to free their derived works, too. Unfortunately, this is not the default.
+Unfortunately, derivative works are not free by default. Thus a '''copyleft license''' requires individuals to free their derived works, in case they want to distribute them.
 In this wiki, currently the following templates are defined to mark works:
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 === Differentiation ===
-A piece of music '''<font color="red">is not</font>''' free music, if the license does not allow changes to the work, because by definition, everybody is allowed to improve free music and to change it for his needs. Music is also not free, if its license forbids commercial use, as such a restriction would prevent the music from being used for any purpose.  If a license only partially fulfills all the requirements, works under it are called “'''<font color="red">semi-free music</font>'''”.
+A piece of music '''<font color="red">is not</font>''' free music, if the license does not allow changes to the work, because by definition, everybody is allowed to improve free music and to change it for his needs.
 If a piece of music is neither in the Public Domain nor under a free or semi-free music license, it is completely '''<font color="red">non-free</font>'''.
-'''<font color="red">Attention</font>''' must be given to make sure that all the songs on this wiki get proper licensing information attached to them. It should become clear to other users, why this particular work is free – under what license it is or which year the author died. Pieces with no such indication and pieces under Creative Commons Non-Commercial (NC) or No-derivative (ND) or other semi-free or non-free licenses will be deleted.
+'''<font color="red">Attention</font>''' must be given to make sure that all the songs on this wiki get proper licensing information attached to them. It should become clear to other users, why this particular work is free – under what license it is &ndash; or (in case of PD-old) which year the author died. Pieces with no such indication and pieces under Creative Commons Non-Commercial (NC) or No-derivative (ND) or other semi-free or non-free licenses will be deleted.
 == Free software culture ==
@@ Line 68: / Line 71: @@
 : a) Internet based composing,
 : b) music clubs (that resemble Linux User Groups), and
-: c) prosumers (every user is a producer).
+: c) prosumers (every consumer is also a producer).
 === Internet Projects ===
-Today, free software is usually written in projects that are organized on the internet. The participants are spread across the globe, they communicate via e-mail or newsgroup, and use internet based tools for their work. The processes in the projects are usually very transparent to the outside world, and the entry and exit is possible at any time without obligation.
+Today, free software is usually written in projects that are organized on the Internet. The participants are spread across the globe, they communicate via e-mail or newsgroup, and use internet based tools for their work. The processes in the projects are usually very transparent to the outside world, and the entry and exit is possible at any time without obligation.
-Similarly, free music could also be composed, played, recorded and edited on the internet. However, due to the diversity of music, it would be necessary that each of the participants on a particular project agree on the same technology (eg tracker) and the gross stylistic direction (eg, chip sound).
+Similarly, free music could also be composed, played, recorded and edited online. However, due to the diversity of music, it would be necessary that each of the participants on a particular project agree on the same technology (eg tracker) and the gross stylistic direction (eg, chip sound).
 === Prosumers Groups ===
-Analogous to Linux User Groups, there could be regional groups, in which people produce and consume the free music, or just be interested in the subject.
+Analogous to Linux User Groups, there could be regional groups, in which people can meet each other to produce and consume the free music, or just be interested in the subject.
 In such groups, music could be heard, or played live. Bands could spontaneously form just for an evening. Copies of CDs could be made or distributed there; current events in the free music scene could be discussed, as well as theoretical aspects of free music. Furthermore, events such as concerts or discos could be organized. Even radio stations for free music would be possible.

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 == Free software culture ==
-This part is about FS culture, and how it might swap to free music.
+A second way to describe free music &ndash; apart from the legal approach &ndash; is to take into consideration in how far the cultural aspects of Free Software can be transferred into the field of music. Three things come into mind:
 === Differentiation ===
 Software is primarily a useful tool, while music is a form of art. It is impossible to replace one piece of music with a ‘compatible clone’. It might be even difficult to do a ‘clean room implementation’ in order to work around non-free parts. This has several implications.

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 A '''copyleft license''' requires individuals to free their derived works, too. Unfortunately, this is not the default.
+* <code><nowiki>{{CC-BY}}</nowiki></code> – Creative Commons Attribution
+* <code><nowiki>{{CC-BY-SA}}</nowiki></code> – Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike (a copyleft license)
+* <code><nowiki>{{LFFI-N}}</nowiki></code> – <!--German-->Lizenz für freie Inhalte im Sinne von Neppstar<!--/German-->
 === Differentiation ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 13 November 2011
Line 44:		Line 44:
	Another approach is to keep the copyright, and to allow everybody to use the work in all necessary ways. Such an allowance is called a '''license''', and as it is offered to everybody, this particular kind of license is called a '''public license'''. Such licenses can set up requirements (similar to a payment in a regular contract), so for instance, individuals might give proper attribution in order to exercise the rights.		Another approach is to keep the copyright, and to allow everybody to use the work in all necessary ways. Such an allowance is called a '''license''', and as it is offered to everybody, this particular kind of license is called a '''public license'''. Such licenses can set up requirements (similar to a payment in a regular contract), so for instance, individuals might give proper attribution in order to exercise the rights.

−	A '''copyleft license''' requires individuals to free their derived works, too.	+	A '''copyleft license''' requires individuals to free their derived works, too. Unfortunately, this is not the default.
		+
		+

@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 '''<font color="red">Attention</font>''' must be given to make sure that all the songs on this wiki get proper licensing information attached to them. It should become clear to other users, why this particular work is free – under what license it is or which year the author died. Pieces with no such indication and pieces under Creative Commons Non-Commercial (NC) or No-derivative (ND) or other semi-free or non-free licenses will be deleted.
-A common misunderstanding is that the ‘free’ in ‘free music’ means ‘gratis’, just like in free beer. That's not quite right. For example, copies of free music can be sold. But contrary to non-free music, ''everybody'' can sell copies he made &ndash; or give them away for free. This keeps the price low, if there is a price at all.
+A common misunderstanding is that the ‘free’ in ‘free music’ means ‘gratis’, just like in free beer. That's not quite right. For example, copies of free music can be sold. But contrary to non-free music, ''everybody'' can sell copies of free music &ndash; or give them away for free. This keeps the price low, if there is a price at all.
 == Free software culture ==

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:16, 27 April 2018
(No difference)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 13 November 2011
Line 68:		Line 68:

	'''<font color="red">Attention</font>''' must be given to make sure that all the songs on this wiki get proper licensing information attached to them. It should become clear to other users, why this particular work is free – under what license it is or which year the author died. Pieces with no such indication and pieces under Creative Commons Non-Commercial (NC) or No-derivative (ND) or other semi-free or non-free licenses will be deleted.		'''<font color="red">Attention</font>''' must be given to make sure that all the songs on this wiki get proper licensing information attached to them. It should become clear to other users, why this particular work is free – under what license it is or which year the author died. Pieces with no such indication and pieces under Creative Commons Non-Commercial (NC) or No-derivative (ND) or other semi-free or non-free licenses will be deleted.
		+
		+	A common misunderstanding is that the ‘free’ in ‘free music’ means ‘gratis’, just like in free beer. That's not right. For example, copies of free music can be sold. But contrary to non-free music, ''everybody'' can sell copies he made – or give them away for free. This keeps the price low, if there is a price at all.

	== Free software culture ==		== Free software culture ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:25, 12 November 2011
Line 70:		Line 70:

	== Free software culture ==		== Free software culture ==
		+
		+	This part is about FS culture, and how it might swap to free music.

	=== Differentiation ===		=== Differentiation ===
		+
		+	Software is primarily a useful tool, while music is a form of art. It is impossible to replace one piece of music with a ‘compatible clone’. It might be even difficult to do a ‘clean room implementation’ in order to work around non-free parts. This has several implications.

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 * <code><nowiki>{{CC0}}</nowiki></code> – Creative Commons Zero
-==== License ====
+==== Public License ====
 FIXME…
@@ Line 54: / Line 60: @@
      * ... ...
 -->
 === Differentiation ===